تمرکززدایی مالی و آموزش عالی از بعد اقتصادی و آموزشی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

چکیده

تقاضای فزاینده برای آموزش عالی از اواسط دهه 1990 باعث گسترش و تنوع سیستم آموزش عالی شده‌است. اقتصاد بازار مستلزم توجه بیشتر بر کیفیت آموزش است که تا حد زیادی با میزان بودجه برای هر دانشجو مرتبط است. آموزش نه تنها بهره‌وری کل عوامل و رشد اقتصادی را تحریک می‌کند، بلکه به مقابله با برخی از چالش‌های اصلی اجتماعی و زیست‌محیطی کمک می‌کند. فراتر از رشد اقتصادی، آموزش، امکان تولید کالاها و خدمات بیشتر و جدید با مصرف کمتر منابع تجدیدناپذیر را فراهم می‌کند و اثرات خارجی منفی مرتبط با تولید را کاهش می‌دهد. ارائه یکنواخت و یک طرفه آموزش تحت نظارت سیستم متمرکز، ممکن است باعث عدم رقابت و استفاده ناکارآمد از منابع عمومی‌شود. در همین راستا، این تحقیق بدنبال بررسی رابطه بین تمرکززدایی مالی و بهبود عملکرد آموزش عالی در استان‌های ایران می‌باشد. جهت بدست آوردن رابطه، از روش برآورد داده‌های پانلی برای دوره زمانی 1385 تا 1398 استفاده شده‌است. نتایج نشان داد که اثر تمرکززدایی درآمدی بر تعداد فارغ التحصیلان دانشگاهی مثبت و ‌‌‌معنی‌دار است. به عبارت دیگر تمرکززدایی درآمدی سبب افزایش تعداد خروجی دانشجویان و افزایش سطح کیفی دانشگاه‌ها می‌شود. همچنین اثر تمرکززدایی درآمدی بر سرانه آموزشی منفی و ‌‌‌معنی‌دار است. بدین معنی که افزایش تمرکززدایی درآمدی سبب کاهش سرانه آموزشی دانشجویان شده، که این امر کاهش کیفیت آموزش در دانشگاه‌ها را در پی دارد، اما رابطه تمرکززدایی هزینه‌ای در هر دو الگوی تخمینی ‌‌‌معنی‌دار نیست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Financial Decentralization and Higher Education From an Economic and Educational Perspective

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Fatholahi 1
  • Mohammad Alizadeh 2
1 Ph.D. Department of Economics, Faculty of Management and Economics, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Management and Economics, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
چکیده [English]

The growing demand for higher education since the mid-1990s has led to the expansion and diversification of the higher education system. The market economy requires more attention to the quality of education, which is largely related to the amount of budget for each student. Education not only stimulates total factor productivity and economic growth, but also helps to tackle some of the major social and environmental challenges. Beyond economic growth, education enables the production of more and new goods and services with less consumption of non-renewable resources and reduces the negative externalities associated with production. The uniform and one-sided provision of education under the supervision of the centralized system may cause lack of competition and inefficient use of public resources. In this regard, this research seeks to examine the relationship between financial decentralization and improving the performance of higher education in the provinces of Iran. To obtain the relationship, the panel data estimation method for the period 2006 to 2019 has been used. The results showed that the effect of income decentralization on the number of university graduates is positive and significant. In other words, income decentralization increases the number of graduated students and increases the quality level of universities. Also, the effect of income decentralization on educational per capita is negative and meaningful. This means that increasing income decentralization has reduced the per capita education of students, which in turn reduces the quality of education in universities. Anyway, the cost-decentralization relationship is not meaningful in both estimated models.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fiscal Decentralization
  • Per Capita Higher Education
  • Improving Education Performance
  • Panel Data
  • منابع

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