A Comparative Study of Women's Employment Policies in Two Scandinavian Countries (Sweden and Norway) and Two Muslim Countries (Iran and Turkey)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 M.Sc. Department of Women and Family Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Economics AlZahra University, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Women and Family Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Economics, AlZahra University, Tehran, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran

4 Faculty member of the Department of Energy Management and Economics, Tehran Petroleum Faculty, University of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran

10.22051/ieda.2024.45481.1382

Abstract

The human development index is one of the most important criteria for developing societies. Since women make up half of the population of any society, their participation in development is equally important. One of the most important fields of women's participation is economic participation. The current research has analyzed the policies of women's employment in two Scandinavian countries (Sweden and Norway) and two Muslim countries (Turkey and Iran) and the consequences of these policies via a comparative policy research approach. The results show the greater participation of women in the economy of selected countries from the Scandinavian area, although there are challenges, such as the weakening of the family system in Sweden and the existence of restrictions such as the glass ceiling in Norway. Women's participation rate in Iran and Turkey's economy is lower than in these two countries. However, the important issue in Turkey is the presence of people who are neither studying nor working. Among the OECD countries, Turkey has the highest rate in this area, and the participation rate of educated women in Turkey in 2018 was 71%, but the rate for men was reported as 89%, indicating a gender gap in this index. In Iran, higher education is one of the factors that facilitate the entry of women into the labour market, and this factor led to a decrease in unemployment among urban women (3%) compared to rural women (1%) in 2018. However, in both countries, women's economic participation has been given less attention, and women are not eligible for economic participation according to their potential for many reasons. Therefore, the policies adopted in this field in Iran need to be reviewed

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References

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